Researchers proposed preclinical evaluation study of Anakinra, a recombinant, non-glycosylated version of human IL-1R receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra) in CF, already in use in a broad spectrum of auto-inflammatory diseases. Researchers’ preliminary results indicated that Anakinra inhibited inflammasome-dependent inflammation through autophagy in the lung immunodeficiency thus expanding the therapeutic potential of IL-1R antagonists for inflammatory diseases in which autophagy and inflammasomes are linked. The aims were: a) the evaluation of the efficacy of Anakinra in experimental and preclinical models of CF; b) the definition of the molecular mechanisms underlying Anakinra activity, with emphasis on the reciprocally regulated processes concerning inflammasome (which has to be limited) and autophagy (which has to be restored); c) the screening of CF patients for IL-1Ra deficiency and the definition of Anakinra-responsive signatures through microarray gene expression profiling. This study was intended to provide results for repurposing in CF a drug already approved for other indications.